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Much research has been done into the use of a rat model to show how Borna virus infection, [17] [18] exposure to valproic acid in utero, [19] and maternal immune activation [20] may cause autism. Another goal of the use of rodent models to study autism is to identify the mechanism by which autism develops in humans. [ 1 ]
Educational neuroscience (or neuroeducation, [1] a component of Mind Brain and Education) is an emerging scientific field that brings together researchers in cognitive neuroscience, developmental cognitive neuroscience, educational psychology, educational technology, education theory and other related disciplines to explore the interactions between biological processes and education.
Models that Grossberg introduced and helped to develop include: the foundations of neural network research: competitive learning, self-organizing maps, instars, and masking fields (for classification), outstars (for spatial pattern learning), avalanches (for serial order learning and performance), gated dipoles (for opponent processing);
The underconnectivity theory of autism posits that autistic people tend to have fewer high-level neural connections and less global synchronization, along with an excess of low-level processes. [31] Functional connectivity studies have found both hypo- and hyperconnectivity in brains of autistic people. [ 32 ]
Research using an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder employed a standardized paradigm where the behavior of rats in a large open field was video recorded for 55 min on each test. Rat Macroscopic Video Obsessive-compulsive disorder No [2] Allen Brain Atlas: Atlas, stained sections from brains showing development and gene expression
Functional connectivity analyses allow the characterization of interregional neural interactions during particular cognitive or motor tasks or merely from spontaneous activity during rest. FMRI and PET enable creation of functional connectivity maps of distinct spatial distributions of temporally correlated brain regions called functional networks.
This neural coordination can be disturbed in certain neurological disorders, including epilepsy, autism and traumatic brain injury. [1] Fenton studies brain activity using a low-cost, wireless digital device called the microEEG, which allows long-term recording of neural function via electroencephalography.
In 2002, the American neuroscientist P. Read Montague [4] articulated the need to examine the neural activity of multiple individuals at one time. To this point, Montague and his colleagues wrote, "Studying social interactions by scanning the brain of just one person is analogous to studying synapses while observing either the presynaptic neuron or the postsynaptic neuron, but never both ...