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A systematic exploration of the viruses that infect humans (the human virome) is important and feasible with these methods. Polymerase chain reaction is a tool to amplify and detect specific DNA sequences. It can be used to help characterize the virome, but it is limited by the need for at least partial DNA sequence information.
One such surveillance program is the Global Virome Project (GVP) an international collaborative research initiative based at the One Health Institute at the University of California, Davis. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] The GVP aims to boost infectious disease surveillance around the globe by using low cost sequencing methods in high risk countries to prevent ...
Virome refers to the assemblage of viruses [1] [2] that is often investigated and described by metagenomic sequencing of viral nucleic acids [3] that are found associated with a particular ecosystem, organism or holobiont. The word is frequently used to describe environmental viral shotgun metagenomes.
Sequencing is the only diagnostic method that will provide the full sequence of a virus genome. Hence, it provides the most information about very small differences between two viruses that would look the same using other diagnostic tests. Currently it is only used when this depth of information is required.
An advantage to high throughput sequencing is that this technique does not require cloning the DNA before sequencing, removing one of the main biases and bottlenecks in environmental sampling. The first metagenomic studies conducted using high-throughput sequencing used massively parallel 454 pyrosequencing . [ 17 ]
The Global Virome Project (GVP) is an American-led international collaborative research initiative based at the One Health Institute at the University of California, Davis. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The project was co-launched by EcoHealth Alliance president Peter Daszak , Nathan Wolfe and Edward Rubin of Metabiota , and former Chinese Center for Disease ...
Coupling it with cell hashing enables the application of CITE-seq on bulk samples and sample multiplexing. These techniques work to reduce an overall cost of high-throughput sequencing on multiple samples. Lastly, CITE-seq can be adapted to detect small molecules, RNA interference, CRISPR, and other gene editing techniques.
Consequently, the development of DNA sequencing technologies has been a defining feature of RNA-Seq. [78] [80] [81] Direct sequencing of RNA using nanopore sequencing represents a current state-of-the-art RNA-Seq technique. [82] [83] Nanopore sequencing of RNA can detect modified bases that would be otherwise masked when sequencing cDNA and ...