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For straight-chain alkenes with 4 or more carbon atoms, that name does not completely identify the compound. For those cases, and for branched acyclic alkenes, the following rules apply: Find the longest carbon chain in the molecule. If that chain does not contain the double bond, name the compound according to the alkane naming rules. Otherwise:
For example, the isopropyl group (IUPAC: prop-2-yl) −CH(CH 3) 2 corresponds to the isopropylidene group =C(CH 3) 2 (IUPAC: prop-2-ylidene). The group is not typically used in common names of branched alkenes - e.g. 3-methylenepentane, the simplest compound that systematically includes an alkylidene group, [Note 1] is commonly known as 2-ethyl ...
Adding the hydrogen ion to one carbon atom in the alkene creates a positive charge on the other carbon, forming a carbocation intermediate. The more substituted the carbocation, the more stable it is, due to induction and hyperconjugation. The major product of the addition reaction will be the one formed from the more stable intermediate.
This is because the bond angle for an alkene, C-C=C, is 122°, while the bond angle for an alkane, C-C-C, is 112°. When these carbons form a small ring, the alkene which has a larger bond angle will have to compress more than the alkane causing more bond angle strain. [4] Cycloalkenes have a lower melting point than cycloalkanes of the same size.
It can also be named by replacing the "-oic acid" of their corresponding carboxylic acids with "-carbonitrile." The prefix form is "cyano-." Functional class IUPAC nomenclature may also be used in the form of alkyl cyanides. For example, CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C≡N is called pentanenitrile or butyl cyanide.
For example: Markovnikov's rule predicts that the hydrogen atom is added to the carbon of the alkene functional group which has the greater number of hydrogen atoms (fewer alkyl substituents). Zaitsev's rule predicts that the major reaction product is the alkene with the more highly substituted (more stable) double bond.
In organic chemistry, syn-and anti-addition are different ways in which substituent molecules can be added to an alkene (R 2 C=CR 2) or alkyne (RC≡CR).The concepts of syn and anti addition are used to characterize the different reactions of organic chemistry by reflecting the stereochemistry of the products in a reaction.
Alitretinoin. For organic molecules with multiple double bonds, it is sometimes necessary to indicate the alkene location for each E or Z symbol. For example, the chemical name of alitretinoin is (2E,4E,6Z,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid, indicating that the alkenes starting at positions 2, 4, and 8 are E while the one starting at position 6 is Z.