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The plasma maximum concentration of melatonin at night are 80–120 pg/mL and the concentrations during the day are between 10–20 pg/mL. [76] [77] Many animals and humans use the variation in duration of melatonin production each day as a seasonal clock. [78]
“This means [there are] elevated levels of melatonin at night and low levels during the day. This is how melatonin helps regulate our circadian rhythm, which is our biological 24-hour clock ...
These hormones help regulate blood sugar to give the body the appropriate amount of energy that is required throughout the day. Cortisol levels are high upon waking and gradually decrease over the course of the day, melatonin levels are high when the body is entering and exiting a sleeping status and are very low over the course of waking hours ...
Secretion of melatonin peaks at night and ebbs during the day and its presence provides information about night-length. Several studies have indicated that pineal melatonin feeds back on SCN rhythmicity to modulate circadian patterns of activity and other processes. However, the nature and system-level significance of this feedback are unknown ...
Shifting weather patterns can also influence hormone levels, according to experts, including melatonin, the hormone that regulates sleep. Increased melatonin production during overcast or stormy ...
The popular sleep aid can have side effects.
Both have a duration of approximately 12 hours, in opposite phase: light PRC spikes at the beginning of the day and lowers throughout the day with a depression after 8 hours for the last 4 hours, whereas natural melatonin spikes at the start of the biological night and drops around the time of waking up or light perception.
Melatonin is the most popular over-the-counter sleep remedy in the United States, resulting in sales in excess of US$400 million during 2017. [70] In 2022, it was the 217th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.