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Symbolab is an answer engine [1] that provides step-by-step solutions to mathematical problems in a range of subjects. [2] It was originally developed by Israeli start-up company EqsQuest Ltd., under whom it was released for public use in 2011. In 2020, the company was acquired by American educational technology website Course Hero. [3] [4]
Summation by parts is frequently used to prove Abel's theorem and Dirichlet's test. One can also use this technique to prove Abel's test : If ∑ n b n {\textstyle \sum _{n}b_{n}} is a convergent series , and a n {\displaystyle a_{n}} a bounded monotone sequence , then S N = ∑ n = 0 N a n b n {\textstyle S_{N}=\sum _{n=0}^{N}a_{n}b_{n ...
This type of test is considered a diffusion test. [18] In agar and broth dilution methods, bacteria are placed in multiple small tubes with different concentrations of antibiotics. [14] Whether a bacterium is sensitive or not is determined by visual inspection or automatic optical methods, after a period of incubation. [5]
Example of an approximately 40,000 probe spotted oligo microarray with enlarged inset to show detail. Microarray analysis techniques are used in interpreting the data generated from experiments on DNA (Gene chip analysis), RNA, and protein microarrays, which allow researchers to investigate the expression state of a large number of genes – in many cases, an organism's entire genome – in a ...
The "step" line relates to Chi-Square test on the step level while variables included in the model step by step. Note that in the output a step chi-square, is the same as the block chi-square since they both are testing the same hypothesis that the tested variables enter on this step are non-zero.
The Heckman correction is a two-step M-estimator where the covariance matrix generated by OLS estimation of the second stage is inconsistent. [7] Correct standard errors and other statistics can be generated from an asymptotic approximation or by resampling, such as through a bootstrap .
Since the procedure is step-down, we first test = (), which has the smallest p-value = =. The p-value is compared to α / 4 = 0.0125 {\displaystyle \alpha /4=0.0125} , the null hypothesis is rejected and we continue to the next one.
Step 3: Select the equation with the highest R 2 and lowest standard errors to represent heteroscedasticity. Step 4: Perform a t-test on the equation selected from step 3 on γ 1 . If γ 1 is statistically significant, reject the null hypothesis of homoscedasticity.