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The system most often studied for the cis effect is an octahedral complex M(CO) 5 X where X is the ligand that will labilize a CO ligand cis to it. Unlike the trans effect, which is most often observed in 4-coordinate square planar complexes, the cis effect is observed in 6-coordinate octahedral transition metal complexes.
For ML a 4 L b 2, two isomers exist.These isomers of ML a 4 L b 2 are cis, if the L b ligands are mutually adjacent, and trans, if the L b groups are situated 180° to each other. It was the analysis of such complexes that led Alfred Werner to the 1913 Nobel Prize–winning postulation of octahedral complexes.
In organic structural chemistry, the configuration of a double bond can be described with cis and trans, in case it has a simple substitution pattern with only two residues. The position of two residues relative to one another at different points in a ring system or a larger molecule can also be described with cis and trans if the structure's ...
Very often, cis–trans stereoisomers contain double bonds or ring structures. In both cases the rotation of bonds is restricted or prevented. [4] When the substituent groups are oriented in the same direction, the diastereomer is referred to as cis, whereas when the substituents are oriented in opposing directions, the diastereomer is referred to as trans.
The insertion of carbon monoxide into a metal-carbon bond to form an acyl group is the basis of carbonylation reactions, which provides many commercially useful products. Mechanistic studies reveal that the alkyl group migrates intramolecularly to an adjacent CO ligand. [2] [3] CO Insertion reaction pathway for an octahedral complex
Organoiridium compounds share many characteristics with those of rhodium, but less so with cobalt. Iridium can exist in oxidation states of -III to +V, but iridium(I) and iridium(III) are the more common. iridium(I) compounds (d 8 configuration) usually occur with square planar or trigonal bipyramidal geometries, whereas iridium(III) compounds (d 6 configuration) typically have an octahedral ...
The rate of reductive elimination is greatly influenced by the geometry of the metal complex. In octahedral complexes, reductive elimination can be very slow from the coordinatively saturated center; and often, reductive elimination only proceeds via a dissociative mechanism, where a ligand must initially dissociate to make a five-coordinate ...
The cis isomer exclusively yields cis,trans-hexa-2,4-diene whereas the trans isomer gives the trans,trans diene: [2] This reaction course can be explained in a simple analysis through the frontier-orbital method : the sigma bond in the reactant will open in such a way that the resulting p-orbitals will have the same symmetry as the HOMO of the ...
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