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The Munich Agreement [a] was an agreement reached in Munich on 30 September 1938, by Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom, the French Republic, and Fascist Italy.The agreement provided for the German annexation of part of Czechoslovakia called the Sudetenland, where more than three million people, mainly ethnic Germans, lived. [1]
The lesson of Munich, in international relations, refers to the appeasement of Adolf Hitler at the Munich Conference in September 1938. To avoid war, France and the United Kingdom permitted Nazi Germany to incorporate the Sudetenland .
A Total and Unmitigated Defeat was a speech by Winston Churchill in the House of Commons at Westminster on Wednesday, 5 October 1938, the third day of the Munich Agreement debate. Signed five days earlier by Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain , the agreement met the demands of Nazi Germany in respect of the Czechoslovak region of Sudetenland .
How War Came The Immediate Origins of the Second World War, 1938–1939 Heinemann: London, 1989, ISBN 0-394-57916-X. Weinberg, Gerhard The Foreign Policy of Hitler's Germany Starting World War II 1937–1939, University of Chicago Press: 1980, ISBN 0-226-88511-9. Wendt, Bernd-Jürgen. "‘Economic Appeasement’–A Crisis Strategy."
"The Cold War is history, and so it should remain," Stoltenberg said. [8] He reaffirmed NATO's dedication to repel every attack, [9] but also warned of the long-term consequences of cutbacks in defence budgets upon security. [10] A meeting between Stoltenberg and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov during the conference was described as ...
The chairman of the Munich Security Conference, Wolfgang Ischinger, described in his welcoming speech the central themes of the conference.Ischinger warned that the international order was in its worst shape since the end of the Cold War, and described the outlook as "grim" and urged the international community, especially Europe, to expand their efforts to cooperate.
The Soviets were not invited to the Munich Conference on Czechoslovakia. The Munich Agreement, which followed, [25] marked the start of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1938 by a partial German annexation. That was part of the appeasement of Germany. [26]
The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) was a key element of the détente process during the Cold War. Although it did not have the force of a treaty , it recognized the boundaries of postwar Europe and established a mechanism for minimizing political and military tensions between East and West and improving human rights in ...