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In addition to ammonium bicarbonate, this material contains ammonium carbamate (NH 4 CO 2 NH 2), and ammonium carbonate ((NH 4) 2 CO 3). It is sometimes called ammonium sesquicarbonate. It possesses a strong ammoniacal smell, and on digestion with alcohol, the carbamate is dissolved leaving a residue of ammonium bicarbonate. [3]
Substance Formula 0 °C 10 °C 20 °C 30 °C 40 °C 50 °C 60 °C 70 °C 80 °C 90 °C 100 °C Barium acetate: Ba(C 2 H 3 O 2) 2: 58.8: 62: 72: 75: 78.5: 77: 75
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Solid ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate salts partly dissociate to form NH 3, CO 2 and H 2 O vapour as follows: (NH 4) 2 CO 3 → 2 NH 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O NH 4 HCO 3 → NH 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O. The smelling salts release ammonia (NH 3) gas, which triggers an inhalation reflex.
In water solutions, the carbamate anion slowly equilibrates with the ammonium NH + 4 cation and the carbonate CO 2− 3 or bicarbonate HCO − 3 anions: [3] [4] [5] H 2 NCO − 2 + 2 H 2 O ⇌ NH + 4 + HCO − 3 + OH − H 2 NCO − 2 + H 2 O ⇌ NH + 4 + CO 2− 3. Calcium carbamate is soluble in water, whereas calcium carbonate is not.
Ammonium carbonate is produced by combining carbon dioxide and aqueous ammonia. About 80,000 tons/year were produced as of 1997. 2 NH 3 + H 2 O + CO 2 → [NH 4] 2 CO 3 [2] An orthorhombic ammonium carbonate monohydrate is known ([NH 4] 2 CO 3 ·H 2 O). It crystallizes in an ammonia solution exposed in a carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere. [3]
Bicarbonate is the dominant form of dissolved inorganic carbon in sea water, [9] and in most fresh waters. As such it is an important sink in the carbon cycle . Some plants like Chara utilize carbonate and produce calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) as result of biological metabolism.
Ammonium hexafluorotitanate [47] Ammonium hexafluorozirconate [48] Ammonium hydroxide – [NH 4]OH [49] Ammonium nitrate – [NH 4]NO 3 [50] Ammonium orthomolybdate – [NH 4] 2 MoO 4; Ammonium sulfamate – [NH 4]SO 3 NH 2 [51] Ammonium sulfide – [NH 4] 2 S; Ammonium sulfite – [NH 4] 2 SO 3 [52] Ammonium sulfate – [NH 4] 2 SO 4 [53 ...