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Toxocariasis is an illness of humans caused by the dog roundworm (Toxocara canis) and, less frequently, the cat roundworm (Toxocara cati). [1] These are the most common intestinal roundworms of dogs, coyotes, wolves and foxes and domestic cats, respectively. [2]
Toxocara canis (T. canis, also known as dog roundworm) is a worldwide-distributed helminth parasite that primarily infects dogs and other canids, but can also infect other animals including humans. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The name is derived from the Greek word toxon 'bow, quiver' and the Latin word caro 'flesh'. [ 3 ]
Toxocara canis adult worms. The Toxocaridae are a zoonotic family of parasitic nematodes that infect canids and felids and which cause toxocariasis in humans (visceral larva migrans and ocular larva migrans). [1] The worms are unable to reproduce in humans. Notable species include: Toxocara canis, which infects dogs.
Visceral larva migrans (VLM) is a condition in humans caused by the migratory larvae of certain nematodes, humans being a dead-end host, and was first reported in 1952. [1] Nematodes causing such zoonotic infections are Baylisascaris procyonis, [2] Toxocara canis, [3] Toxocara cati, [3] and Ascaris suum. [4]
Ocular larva migrans (OLM), also known as ocular toxocariasis, is the ocular form of larva migrans syndrome.It occurs when roundworm larvae invade the human eye. OLM infections in humans are caused by the larvae of Toxocara canis (dog roundworm), Toxocara cati (feline roundworm), Ascaris suum (large roundworm of pig), or Baylisascaris procyonis (raccoon roundworm).
Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina: liver, brain, eyes (Toxocara canis – visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans) blood, ocular examination worldwide distribution pica, unwashed food contaminated with Toxocara eggs, undercooked livers of chicken Trichinosis
Humans are usually not infected with T. leonina; however, this parasite has been found in humans in a few instances and is a cause of visceral larva migrans in children, though less frequently implicated than is Toxocara canis, the most common roundworm parasite found in dogs. [4]
Toxocara canis; Echinococcus; Prevention and Control Strategies. Prevention Strategies. Leishmania Vaccines: In regions such as Southern Europe and certain parts of Latin America, Leishmania infection, caused by the bite of infected sandflies, is a significant concern. Vaccination against Leishmania is an emerging preventive strategy.