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The weakness is indicated as hypotonia, or lack of muscle tone, which can make an infant seem unstable. [1] [5] Eventually, most patients develop joint contractures or fixed joint deformities. [6] Children may be slow with their motor skills; such as rolling over, sitting up or walking, or may not even reach these milestones of life. Some of ...
Hypotonia is a state of low muscle tone [1] (the amount of tension or resistance to stretch in a muscle), often involving reduced muscle strength. Hypotonia is not a specific medical disorder, but a potential manifestation of many different diseases and disorders that affect motor nerve control by the brain or muscle strength.
Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WSS) [2] is a rare genetic disorder that causes developmental delay, unusual facial features, short stature, and reduction in muscle tone . The syndrome was originally described in 1989 [3] by Hans-Rudolf Wiedemann. The genetic basis for the syndrome was identified by Dr. Wendy D. Jones in 2012. [4]
Currently, there is no cure for muscular dystrophy. In terms of management, physical therapy, occupational therapy, orthotic intervention (e.g., ankle-foot orthosis), [26] [27] speech therapy, and respiratory therapy may be helpful. [26] Low intensity corticosteroids such as prednisone, and deflazacort may help to maintain muscle tone. [28]
Educational customization such as an individualized education program plan is sometimes needed for school-aged children. Speech therapy if speech and articulation issues present; Physical therapy and occupational therapy for gross- and fine-motor delays; Hypotonia and motor difficulties often impact handwriting.
Developmental verbal dyspraxia (DVD), also known as childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and developmental apraxia of speech (DAS), [1] is a condition in which an individual has problems saying sounds, syllables and words. This is not because of muscle weakness or paralysis.
With improvements, children with apraxia may be transitioned into group therapy settings. Therapeutic exercises must focus on planning, sequencing, and coordinating the muscle movements involved in speech production. Children with developmental verbal dyspraxia must practice the strategies and techniques that they learn to improve.
Dysarthria is a speech sound disorder resulting from neurological injury of the motor component of the motor–speech system [1] and is characterized by poor articulation of phonemes. [2] It is a condition in which problems effectively occur with the muscles that help produce speech, often making it very difficult to pronounce words.