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An orexigenic, or appetite stimulant, is a drug, hormone, or compound that increases appetite and may induce hyperphagia. This can be a medication or a naturally occurring neuropeptide hormone, such as ghrelin , orexin or neuropeptide Y , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] which increases hunger and therefore enhances food consumption .
Cachexia (/ k ə ˈ k ɛ k s i ə / [1]) is a syndrome that happens when people have certain illnesses, causing muscle loss that cannot be fully reversed with improved nutrition. [2] It is most common in diseases like cancer, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and AIDS.
Poor appetite can have numerous causes, but may be a result of physical (infectious, autoimmune or malignant disease) or psychological (stress, mental disorders) factors. Likewise, hyperphagia (excessive eating) may be a result of hormonal imbalances, mental disorders (e.g., depression ) and others.
Medication to Increase Testosterone Production An alternative to testosterone replacement, or sometimes used alongside testosterone, are medications that increase the production of testosterone.
Older people may feel less violent stomach contractions when they get hungry, but still suffer the secondary effects resulting from low food intake: these include weakness, irritability and decreased concentration. Prolonged lack of adequate nutrition also causes increased susceptibility to disease and reduced ability for the body to heal. [7] [8]
However, the importance of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ was only fully appreciated in 1995 with the discovery of leptin, the protein product of the Ob gene. [5] [6] [7] Leptin is a strong appetite suppressant that, when depleted, causes early onset severe obesity in humans and in animal models.
Knocking out vagal nerve receptors has been shown to cause hyperphagia. [4] Changes in hormones associated with the female menstrual cycle can lead to extreme hunger right before the period. Spikes in estrogen and progesterone and decreased serotonin can lead to cravings for carbohydrates and fats. [5] Polyphagia is found in the following ...
Phenylpropanolamine (PPA), sold under many brand names, is a sympathomimetic agent used as a decongestant and appetite suppressant. [9] [1] [10] [11] It was once common in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations. The medication is taken orally. [4] [12] Side effects of phenylpropanolamine include increased heart rate and ...