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Preoperative fasting is the practice of a surgical patient abstaining from eating or drinking ("nothing by mouth") for some time before having an operation. This is intended to prevent stomach contents from getting into the windpipe and lungs (known as a pulmonary aspiration ) while the patient is under general anesthesia . [ 1 ]
Preparing to undergo surgery can be similar to training for a marathon, says Christina Sherry, a registered dietitian and expert in adult therapeutic nutrition who's with Abbott, a global health ...
The typical reason for NPO instructions is the prevention of aspiration pneumonia, e.g. in those who will undergo general anesthesia, or those with weak swallowing musculature, or in case of gastrointestinal bleeding, gastrointestinal blockage, or acute pancreatitis. Alcohol overdoses that result in vomiting or severe external bleeding also ...
This procedure is used where general anesthesia must be induced before the patient has had time to fast long enough to empty the stomach; where the patient has a condition that makes aspiration more likely during induction of anesthesia, regardless of how long they have fasted (such as gastroesophageal reflux disease or advanced pregnancy); or where the patient has become unable to protect ...
People taking popular diabetes and weight loss drugs such as Novo Nordisk's Ozempic and Wegovy or Eli Lilly's Mounjaro should temporarily stop taking them before having elective surgery to avoid ...
In fact, there is evidence to suggest that fasting is not required to prevent aspiration in most cases. [10] However, when possible, fasting is still preferred. [1] For most agents, the patient should have had nothing to eat for at least six hours. Clear fluids can be allowed up to two hours before the procedure.
At some point before surgery a health care provider conducts a preoperative assessment to verify that a person is fit and ready for the surgery. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For surgeries in which a person receives either general or local anesthesia, this assessment may be done either by a doctor or a nurse trained to do the assessment. [ 2 ]
Preanesthetic assessment (also called preanesthesia evaluation, pre-anesthesia checkup (PAC) or simply preanesthesia) is a medical check-up and laboratory investigations done by an anesthesia provider or a registered nurse before an operation, to assess the patient's physical condition and any other medical problems or diseases the patient might have. [1]