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Coastal hazards are physical phenomena that expose a coastal area to the risk of property damage, loss of life, and environmental degradation.Rapid-onset hazards last a few minutes to several days and encompass significant cyclones accompanied by high-speed winds, waves, and surges or tsunamis created by submarine (undersea) earthquakes and landslides.
In a coastal example, erosion is a process that happens naturally on the Canterbury Bight as a part of the coastal geomorphology of the area and strong long shore currents. [3] [4] This process becomes a hazard when humans interact with that coastal environment by developing it and creating value in that area.
Global multihazard mortality risks and distribution (2005) for cyclones, drought, earthquakes, floods, landslides, and volcanoes (excluding heat waves, snowstorms, and other deadly hazards). A natural disaster is a sudden event that causes widespread destruction, major collateral damage, or loss of life, brought about by forces other than the ...
The encroaching coastal hazard is nothing new. For years, North Cove was said to have the fastest eroding shore on the Pacific Coast. ... In Tokeland, for example, the city was working with the U ...
Coastal flooding during Hurricane Lili in 2002 on Louisiana Highway 1 (United States). Coastal flooding occurs when dry and low-lying land is submerged by seawater. [1] The range of a coastal flooding is a result of the elevation of floodwater that penetrates the inland which is controlled by the topography of the coastal land exposed to flooding.
Coastal erosion may be caused by hydraulic action, abrasion, impact and corrosion by wind and water, and other forces, natural or unnatural. [3] On non-rocky coasts, coastal erosion results in rock formations in areas where the coastline contains rock layers or fracture zones with varying resistance to erosion.
Coastal and estuarine ecosystems act as buffer zones against natural hazards and environmental disturbances, such as floods, cyclones, tidal surges and storms. The role they play is to "[absorb] a portion of the impact and thus [lessen] its effect on the land". [ 22 ]
For example, one might say there is a 95% chance that the 100-year flood is greater than X, but less than Y. [2] Direct statistical analysis [ 9 ] [ 12 ] to estimate the 100-year riverine flood is possible only at the relatively few locations where an annual series of maximum instantaneous flood discharges has been recorded.