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Composite materials may be considered an environmentally friendly option for propeller blades in some applications. While the composite blades are more resistant to corrosion and impact damage than many metal-alloy propeller blades, the water saturation and the propeller application decrease the longevity of composite propellers. [2] [3] [4]
Marine propulsion is the mechanism or system used to generate thrust to move a watercraft through water. While paddles and sails are still used on some smaller boats, most modern ships are propelled by mechanical systems consisting of an electric motor or internal combustion engine driving a propeller, or less frequently, in pump-jets, an impeller.
In marine propulsion, a variable-pitch propeller is a type of propeller with blades that can be rotated around their long axis to change the blade pitch. Reversible propellers—those where the pitch can be set to negative values—can also create reverse thrust for braking or going backwards without the need to change the direction of shaft revolution.
Folding propellers reduce drag while not in use, thereby allowing for more speed or reduced fuel consumption. Folding propellers are no more efficient than fixed blade propellers, and have much poorer performance in astern. Less noise and vibration than fixed blades when not in use, since fluid flow will not cause the propeller to rotate.
A ducted propeller, also known as a Kort nozzle, is a marine propeller fitted with a non-rotating nozzle. It is used to improve the efficiency of the propeller and is especially used on heavily loaded propellers or propellers with limited diameter. It was developed first by Luigi Stipa (1931) and later by Ludwig Kort (1934). The Kort nozzle is ...
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Replica of a propeller from the USS Monitor. Since the introduction of the marine propeller in the early 19th century, cavitation during operation has been a limiting factor in the efficiency of ships. Cavitation in marine propellers develops when the propeller operates at a high speed and reduces the efficiency of the propeller.
The difference between a saildrive and a Z-drive is that a saildrive's propeller shaft is fixed in place, pointing aft, whereas a Z-drive's propeller shaft can be rotated to any azimuth. Traditional sailboat transmissions consist of a simple horizontal output shaft extended rearward from the engine, through the stern via a stuffing box. The ...