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Masseteric hypertrophy (enlargement of the masseter muscle's volume) can present as facial swelling in the parotid gland area and may be confused with 'true' parotid gland swelling. The specific cause of masseteric hypertrophy is still unclear, but it may be related to tooth grinding or malocclusion.
Salivary gland involvement primarily involves both parotid glands, causing enlargement and swelling. Salivary gland biopsy with histopathologic examination is needed to make the distinction between whether Sjoren's syndrome or sarcoidosis is the cause of this. [21]
Sialadenitis (sialoadenitis) is inflammation of salivary glands, usually the major ones, the most common being the parotid gland, followed by submandibular and sublingual glands. [1] It should not be confused with sialadenosis (sialosis) which is a non-inflammatory enlargement of the major salivary glands. [2]
Historically, bilateral parotid and lacrimal gland enlargement was characterized by the term Mikulicz's disease if the enlargement appeared apart from other diseases. If it was secondary to another disease, such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, lymphoma, and Sjögren's syndrome, the term used was Mikulicz's syndrome.
Salivary gland dysfunction affects the flow, amount, or quality of saliva produced. A reduced salivation is termed hyposalivation.Hyposalivation often results in a dry mouth condition called xerostomia, and this can cause tooth decay due to the loss of the protective properties of saliva.
Pneumoparotitis (also termed pneumosialadenitis [1] wind parotitis, [1] surgical mumps, [2] or anaesthesia mumps), [2] is a rare cause of parotid gland swelling which occurs when air is forced through the parotid (Stensen) duct resulting in inflation of the duct. [3]
Uveoparotitis is characterized by parotitis, uveitis and low grade fever. Parotitis leads to swelling and enlargement of the parotid glands, while uveitis causes eye redness, pain and blurred vision. Weakness of the facial muscles (cranial nerve palsy) may occur, which particularly affect the seventh cranial nerve. [3]
DILS was first discovered in 1985 when a subset of HIV-infected patients was noted to have enlargement of their lymph nodes and salivary glands. [3] However, it was not given the name of diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome until 1989. [1] [3]