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[186] [187] By the age of 50 more than 80% of American women will have contracted at least one strain of genital HPV. [ 185 ] [ 188 ] It was estimated that, in the year 2000, there were approximately 6.2 million new HPV infections among Americans aged 15–44; of these, an estimated 74% occurred to people between ages of 15 and 24. [ 189 ]
Women ages 30 to 65 can be screened either every three years with a Pap smear or every five years with an HPV test or combination of the two tests. HPV tests can detect genetic material from the ...
A 2007 survey of American women found 40% had heard of HPV infection and less than half of those knew it causes cervical cancer. [175] Over a longitudinal study from 1975 to 2000, it was found that people of lower socioeconomic census brackets had higher rates of late-stage cancer diagnosis and higher morbidity rates.
When used without context, it frequently refers to infections (squamous cell papilloma) caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), such as warts. Human papillomavirus infection is a major cause of cervical cancer , vulvar cancer , vaginal cancer , penis cancer , anal cancer , and HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers .
Genital HPV infections have an estimated prevalence in the US of 10–20% and clinical manifestations in 1% of the sexually active adult population. [29] US incidence of HPV infection has increased between 1975 and 2006. [29] About 80% of those infected are between the ages of 17 and 33. [29]
Many women with HPV infection never develop CIN or cervical cancer. Typically, HPV resolves on its own. [4] However, those with an HPV infection that lasts more than one or two years have a higher risk of developing a higher grade of CIN. [5] Like other intraepithelial neoplasias, CIN is not cancer and is usually curable. [3]
Papillomaviridae is a family of non-enveloped DNA viruses whose members are known as papillomaviruses. [1] Several hundred species of papillomaviruses, traditionally referred to as "types", [2] have been identified infecting all carefully inspected mammals, [2] but also other vertebrates such as birds, snakes, turtles and fish.
This is associated with carcinogenic genotypes of HPV and/or HPV persistence factors such as cigarette smoking or immunocompromised states. Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia also known as VIN Simplex: is associated with vulvar dermatoses such as lichen sclerosus. It is associated with atypia of the squamous epithelium. [4] [5]