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Bond valuation is the process by which an investor arrives at an estimate of the theoretical fair value, or intrinsic worth, of a bond.As with any security or capital investment, the theoretical fair value of a bond is the present value of the stream of cash flows it is expected to generate.
The standard broker valuation formula (incorporated in the Price function in Excel or any financial calculator, such as the HP10bII) confirms this; the main term calculates the actual (dirty price), which is the total cash exchanged, less a second term which represents the amount of accrued interest.
Par yield is based on the assumption that the security in question has a price equal to par value. [5] When the price is assumed to be par value ($100 in the equation below) and the coupon stream and maturity date are already known, the equation below can be solved for par yield.
In simple terms, the notional principal amount is essentially how much of an asset or bonds a person owns. For example, if a premium bond were bought for £1, then the notional principal amount would be the face value amount of the premium bond that £1 was able to purchase. Hence, the notional principal amount is the quantity of the assets and ...
Interest payments are the primary way bonds generate returns for investors.
As bonds approach maturity, actual value approaches face value. In the case of stock certificates, face value is the par value of the stock. In the case of common stock, par value is largely symbolic. In the case of preferred stock, dividends may be expressed as a percentage of par value. The face value of a life insurance policy is the death ...
Here, the bond is priced as a "straight bond" (i.e. as if it had no embedded features) and the option is valued using the Black Scholes formula. The option value is then added to the straight bond price if the optionality rests with the buyer of the bond; it is subtracted if the seller of the bond (i.e. the issuer) may choose to exercise.
Consider a bond with a $1000 face value, 5% coupon rate and 6.5% annual yield, with maturity in 5 years. [26] The steps to compute duration are the following: 1. Estimate the bond value The coupons will be $50 in years 1, 2, 3 and 4. Then, on year 5, the bond will pay coupon and principal, for a total of $1050.