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  2. Flow coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_coefficient

    A simplified version of the definition is: The k v factor of a valve indicates "The water flow in m 3 /h, at a pressure drop across the valve of 1 kgf/cm 2 when the valve is completely open. The complete definition also says that the flow medium must have a density of 1000 kg/m 3 and a kinematic viscosity of 10 −6 m 2 /s, e.g. water. [clarify]

  3. Relief valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_valve

    A relief valve DN25 on cooling water pipe from heat exchanger Schematic diagram of a conventional spring-loaded pressure relief valve. A relief valve or pressure relief valve (PRV) is a type of safety valve used to control or limit the pressure in a system; excessive pressure might otherwise build up and create a process upset, instrument or equipment failure, explosion, or fire.

  4. Maximum allowable operating pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_allowable...

    Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP) is a pressure limit set, usually by a government body, which applies to compressed gas pressure vessels, pipelines, and storage tanks. For pipelines, this value is derived from Barlow's Formula , which takes into account wall thickness, diameter, allowable stress (which is a function of the material ...

  5. Water hammer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_hammer

    The following characteristics may reduce or eliminate water hammer: Reduce the pressure of the water supply to the building by fitting a regulator. Lower fluid velocities. To keep water hammer low, pipe-sizing charts for some applications recommend flow velocity at or below 1.5 m/s (4.9 ft/s). Fit slowly closing valves.

  6. Restrictive flow orifice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restrictive_flow_orifice

    It may be used to limit the accidental release of a hazardous gas (flammable, toxic, etc.) resulting from regulator or other component failure, restricting flow in a system in order to assure adequate pressure relief valve sizing and system over pressure protection, or restricting flow from bulk sources such as a water main. [3]

  7. Reduced pressure zone device - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_pressure_zone_device

    A reduced pressure zone device (RPZD, RPZ, or RPZ valve) is a type of backflow prevention device used to protect water supplies from contamination. RPZDs may also be known as reduced pressure principle (RP), reduced pressure principle backflow prevention devices, [1] [2] reduced pressure zone assemblies (RPZA), [3] or reduced pressure principle ...

  8. Pilot-operated relief valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot-operated_relief_valve

    At set pressure the valve snaps to full lift. This can be quite violent on large pipes with significant pressure. The pressure has to drop below the set pressure in order for the piston to reseat (see blowdown in relief valve article). Modulating The pilot is designed to open gradually, so that less of the system fluid is lost during each ...

  9. Hazen–Williams equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazen–Williams_equation

    The Hazen–Williams equation is an empirical relationship that relates the flow of water in a pipe with the physical properties of the pipe and the pressure drop caused by friction. It is used in the design of water pipe systems [ 1 ] such as fire sprinkler systems , [ 2 ] water supply networks , and irrigation systems.