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The Atbash cipher is a particular type of monoalphabetic cipher formed by taking the alphabet (or abjad, syllabary, etc.) and mapping it to its reverse, so that the first letter becomes the last letter, the second letter becomes the second to last letter, and so on.
600-500 – Hebrew scholars make use of simple monoalphabetic substitution ciphers (such as the Atbash cipher) c. 400 – Spartan use of scytale (alleged) c. 400 – Herodotus reports use of steganography in reports to Greece from Persia (tattoo on shaved head) 100-1 A.D.- Notable Roman ciphers such as the Caesar cipher.
Kuznyechik – Russian 128-bit block cipher, defined in GOST R 34.12-2015 and RFC 7801. LION – block cypher built from stream cypher and hash function, by Ross Anderson; LOKI89/91 – 64-bit block ciphers; LOKI97 – 128-bit block cipher, AES candidate; Lucifer – by Tuchman et al. of IBM, early 1970s; modified by NSA/NBS and released as DES
The simplest substitution ciphers are the Caesar cipher and Atbash cipher. Here single letters are substituted (referred to as simple substitution ). It can be demonstrated by writing out the alphabet twice, once in regular order and again with the letters shifted by some number of steps or reversed to represent the ciphertext alphabet (or ...
All of the electromechanical machines used in World War II were of this logical class, as were the Caesar and Atbash ciphers and essentially all cipher systems throughout history. The 'key' for a code is, of course, the codebook, which must likewise be distributed and kept secret, and so shares most of the same problems in practice.
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Sheshach (Hebrew: ששך), whose king is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible in Jeremiah 25:26, is supposed to be equivalent to Babel (), according to a secret mode of writing practiced among the Jews of unknown antiquity, which consisted in substituting the last letter of the Hebrew alphabet for the first, the next to last one for the second, and so on.
ROT13 is a simple letter substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it in the Latin alphabet. ROT13 is a special case of the Caesar cipher which was developed in ancient Rome, used by Julius Caesar in the 1st century BC. [1] An early entry on the Timeline of cryptography.