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Gaius Julius Caesar [a] (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and subsequently became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC.
Dictator perpetuo (English: "dictator in perpetuity"), also called dictator in perpetuum, [1] was the office held by Julius Caesar just before the end of his life. He was granted the title between 26 January and 15 February during the year 44 BC, shortly before his assassination on 15 March . [ 2 ]
It is often asserted that Caesar's crossing of the river precipitated Caesar's civil war, [4] but Caesar's forces had already crossed into Italy and occupied Ariminum the previous day. [5] The civil war ultimately led to Caesar's becoming dictator for life (dictator perpetuo).
Julius Caesar, accepting the surrender of Vercingetorix, was the final Dictator of the Roman Republic. Caesar held both the Dictatorship and the Tribunate, but alternated between the Consulship and the Proconsulship. [2] His powers within the state seem to have rested upon these magistracies. [2]
Gaius Julius Caesar: sine magistro equitum: rei gerundae causa: 48: 706: Gaius Julius Caesar II: Marcus Antonius: 47–44: 707–710: Gaius Julius Caesar III: Marcus Aemilius Lepidus: 44: 710: Gaius Julius Caesar IV occisus est: Marcus Aemilius Lepidus II Gaius Octavius Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus (non iniit) dictator perpetuo rei publicae ...
The career of Julius Caesar before his consulship in 59 BC was characterized by military adventurism and political persecution. Julius Caesar was born on 12 July 100 BC into a patrician family, the gens Julia, which claimed descent from Iulus, son of the legendary Trojan prince Aeneas, supposedly the son of the goddess Venus.
Julius Caesar described the Gallic Wars in his book Commentarii de Bello Gallico. It is the primary source for the conflict, but modern historians consider it prone to exaggeration. Caesar makes impossible claims about the number of Gauls killed (over a million), while claiming almost zero Roman casualties.
Caesar then cried to Cimber, "Why, this is violence!" ("Ista quidem vis est!"). [53] At the same time, Casca produced his dagger and made a glancing thrust at the dictator's neck. Caesar turned around quickly and caught Casca by the arm. According to Plutarch, he said in Latin, "Casca, you villain, what are you doing?"