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In 1791, the first permanent police force was established by Charles Cornwallis, the Commander-in-Chief of British India and Governor of the Presidency of Fort William. [80] A single police force was established after the formation of the British Raj with the Government of India Act 1858. A uniform police bureaucracy was formed under the Police ...
Peel's Metropolitan Police Act 1829 established a full-time, professional and centrally-organised police force for the greater London area known as the Metropolitan Police. The new Metropolitan Police were responsible for an area of 7 miles in radius from the centre of the city (excluding the City of London ), which was later extended to 15 miles.
August Vollmer, the first police chief of Berkeley, California, and a leading figure in the development of criminal justice in the United States, [11] studied the works of Vidocq and the Austrian criminal jurist Hans Gross for his reform of the Berkeley police force. [12]
In Ancient Egypt a police force was created by the time of the Fifth Dynasty (25th – 24th century BC). The guards, chosen by kings and nobles from among the military and ex-military, were tasked with apprehending criminals and protecting caravans, public places and border forts before the creation of a standing army.
Prior to this time the police force had to rely on hand rattles [1] [2] and whistles were only thought of as musical instruments or toys. His whistle is still used by the force and many others worldwide. He later invented the first referee whistle for football matches, prior to this handkerchiefs were used at games.
There were also planned attacks against police stemming directly from the force that was being used by the police against the protesters. President Lyndon Johnson created the Office of Law Enforcement Assistance in 1965. From that, much was done on the federal and local level, such as enhanced training for police personnel.
Although unpopular at first, they proved very successful in cutting crime in London, [44] and, by 1857, all cities in Britain were obliged to form their own police forces. [45] Known as the father of modern policing, Peel is thought to have contributed to the Metropolitan Police's first set of "Instructions to Police Officers", emphasising the ...
The London Marine Police Force is widely regarded [3] as being the first modern police force in the world, in the sense that they were not government controlled and were responsible for the prevention of crime. In its first year of operation 2,000 offenders were found guilty of theft from the docks.