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Causality can be defined macroscopically, at the level of human observers, or microscopically, for fundamental events at the atomic level. The strong causality principle forbids information transfer faster than the speed of light; the weak causality principle operates at the microscopic level and need not lead to information transfer.
— Barbara Montero, [4] or that "Every physical effect (that is, caused event) has physical sufficient causes" — Agustin Vincente, [2] (According to Vincente, a number of caveats have to be observed, among which is the postulate that "physical entities" are entities postulated by a true theory of physics, a theory of which we are ignorant ...
Causality is one of the most fundamental and essential notions of physics. [46] Causal efficacy cannot 'propagate' faster than light. Otherwise, reference coordinate systems could be constructed (using the Lorentz transform of special relativity ) in which an observer would see an effect precede its cause (i.e. the postulate of causality would ...
The weaker the causality condition on a spacetime, the more unphysical the spacetime is. Spacetimes with closed timelike curves, for example, present severe interpretational difficulties. See the grandfather paradox. It is reasonable to believe that any physical spacetime will satisfy the strongest causality condition: global hyperbolicity.
A good illustration of this principle is the light cone, which is constructed as follows. Taking as event p {\displaystyle p} a flash of light (light pulse) at time t 0 {\displaystyle t_{0}} , all events that can be reached by this pulse from p {\displaystyle p} form the future light cone of p {\displaystyle p} , whilst those events that can ...
One of the main principles of quantum field theory is the principle of locality. [15] The field operators and the Lagrangian density describing the dynamics of the fields are local, in the sense that interactions are not described by action-at-a-distance. This condition can be achieved by avoiding terms in the Lagrangian that are products of ...
The causality violating set is the set of points through which closed causal curves pass. The boundary of the causality violating set is a Cauchy horizon . If the Cauchy horizon is generated by closed null geodesics, then there's a redshift factor associated with each of them.
The causal sets program is an approach to quantum gravity.Its founding principles are that spacetime is fundamentally discrete (a collection of discrete spacetime points, called the elements of the causal set) and that spacetime events are related by a partial order.