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As regards the question of when the environmental movement in Vietnam really took off, historians point to various start dates, including the 1950s as previously mentioned in the case of O'Rourke, all the way up until the early 1990s, as in the case of Kerkvliet's observations about citizen discontent being voiced out by environmental activists.
The forests of Vietnam especially were very vulnerable to a chemical such as Agent Orange, and by the end of the 9 year campaign, 11 million gallons of Agent Orange had been dropped on the region including Laos, Cambodia, and mostly Vietnam. These herbicides not only affected the landscape of Vietnam, but had disastrous effects on the human body.
The water availability in Vietnam is supposed to be 830-840 billion m 3 annually from which approximately 37% is generated on Vietnamese territory. More than 2,000 rivers (with a length >10 km) and more than 100 main rivers belong to Vietnam. 13 of these rivers have a basin area of more than 10,000 km 2 with 10 being
The exploitation of natural resources describes using natural resources, often non-renewable or limited, for economic growth [1] or development. [2] Environmental degradation , human insecurity, and social conflict frequently accompany natural resource exploitation.
Forests were cleared in order to provide wood for building shelters and creating cooking fires: [4] “these people suffered from harsh conditions and constituted an important threat impact to natural resources.” [11] Consequences from the conflict also included the degradation of National Parks and Reserves. Another big problem was that the ...
There are also 270 coral species spread over an area of 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres). In addition, the marine fauna and flora are of 1,323 species including 44 species in the Red Data Book of Vietnam. The park has the richest diversity of 153 species of mollusc species, reported to be the highest for any island in Vietnam.
The main contributor to the country's emissions is fossil fuel combustion, which accounted for about 60% of greenhouse gas emissions in 2014. [3] As of 2018, the electricity sector accounted for 48% of Vietnam's CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, industry for 28%, transport 16%, the residential sector 4%, the commercial sector 3%, and agriculture 1%. [3]
The 2016 Vietnam marine life disaster was a water pollution crisis affecting Hà Tĩnh, Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị and Thừa Thiên–Huế provinces in central Vietnam. Fish carcasses were reported to have washed up on the beaches of Hà Tĩnh province from at least 6 April 2016. [ 1 ]