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After going through this process the properties of the material used are altered. Its hardness and yield strength are increased, cross-sectional area is decreased, some residual surface stresses will be present and micro cracks may appear. Physical and chemical properties are only influenced slightly.
For example, a larger press can handle 60 cm (24 in) diameter circumscribing circles for aluminium and 55 cm (22 in) diameter circles for steel and titanium. [1] The complexity of an extruded profile can be roughly quantified by calculating the shape factor, which is the amount of surface area generated per unit mass of extrusion. This affects ...
The stacking factor (also lamination factor or space factor [1]) is a measure used in electrical transformer design and some other electrical machines.It is the ratio of the effective cross-sectional area of the transformer core to the physical cross-sectional area of the transformer core.
In engineering applications, structural members experience small deformations and the reduction in cross-sectional area is very small and can be neglected, i.e., the cross-sectional area is assumed constant during deformation. For this case, the stress is called engineering stress or nominal stress and is calculated using the original cross ...
The formula to calculate average shear stress τ or force per unit area is: [1] =, where F is the force applied and A is the cross-sectional area.. The area involved corresponds to the material face parallel to the applied force vector, i.e., with surface normal vector perpendicular to the force.
Extrusion Reduction ratio is the ratio of the cross sectional areas in the shape of the die opening to that of the container through which the billet is pushed. A large-diameter billet pushed through a very small die opening has a high reduction ratio, and it may sometimes not be possible to extrude such a part.
A is the cross-sectional area of the flow, P is the wetted perimeter of the cross-section. More intuitively, the hydraulic diameter can be understood as a function of the hydraulic radius R H, which is defined as the cross-sectional area of the channel divided by the wetted perimeter. Here, the wetted perimeter includes all surfaces acted upon ...
The hydraulic press depends on Pascal's principle.The pressure throughout a closed system is constant. One part of the system is a piston acting as a pump, with a modest mechanical force acting on a small cross-sectional area; the other part is a piston with a larger area which generates a correspondingly large mechanical force.