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Cleopatra III's uncle Ptolemy VIII ruled together with her parents from ca 170 BC to 164 BC, at which point he expelled Cleopatra II and Ptolemy VI. However, he was soon forced to abdicate in 163 BC. [2] Cleopatra III's parents retook the throne and remained in power for almost 20 years until 145 BC. Cleopatra III was born between 160 and 155 BC.
Arsinoe III: Ptolemy V Epiphanes (Kg. 203–181 BC) Cleopatra I Syra: Ptolemy VI Philometor (Kg. 181–164 BC, 163–145 BC) Cleopatra II (Qn. 131–127 BC) Ptolemy VIII Physcon (Kg. 170–163 BC, 145–116 BC) Eirene: Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator: Cleopatra III (Qn, 116–101 BC) Ptolemy Memphites: Ptolemy Apion: Cleopatra IV: Ptolemy IX ...
The new situation was solidified with a peace treaty, in which Ptolemy V married Antiochus III's daughter Cleopatra I in 194 BC. [5] Ptolemy VI was the eldest son of the couple, born in 186 BC, and was the heir to the throne from birth. [1] They also had a daughter, Cleopatra II. [6]
The most distinguished scholar at Ptolemy III's court was the polymath and geographer Eratosthenes, most noted for his remarkably accurate calculation of the circumference of the world. Other prominent scholars include the mathematicians Conon of Samos and Apollonius of Perge. [24] Ptolemy III financed construction projects at temples across Egypt.
Ptolemy III was born some time around 280 BC, as the eldest son of Ptolemy II and his first wife Arsinoe I, daughter of King Lysimachus of Thrace.His father had become co-regent of Egypt in 284 BC and sole ruler in 282 BC.
Golden ring depicting Ptolemy VI wearing a Greek diadem. Ptolemy VI was the eldest son of Ptolemy V and Cleopatra I.The early reign of Ptolemy V was dominated by the Fifth Syrian War (204–198 BC) against the Seleucid king Antiochus III, who completely defeated the Ptolemaic forces, annexed Coele-Syria and Judaea to his empire, and reduced Egypt to a subordinate position. [2]
Cleopatra, born in 69 B.C., was crowned the queen of Egypt at just 18-years-old upon the death of her father, Ptolemy XII. Together, her and her 10-year-old brother, Ptolemy XIII ruled Egypt.
Ptolemy X married Berenice's probable mother Cleopatra Selene and thus became step-father to the seven-year-old Berenice. They probably had a son together, the future Ptolemy XI, but around 103 BC Cleopatra III forced them to divorce so that Cleopatra Selene could be married to the Seleucid king Antiochus VIII. [8]