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Nerve block or regional nerve blockade is any deliberate interruption of signals traveling along a nerve, often for the purpose of pain relief. Local anesthetic nerve block (sometimes referred to as simply "nerve block") is a short-term block, usually lasting hours or days, involving the injection of an anesthetic, a corticosteroid, and other agents onto or near a nerve.
Clinical duration of action (time from drug administration to recovery of single twich to 25% of baseline) is 7-12 minutes. If IV access is unavailable, intramuscular administration 3-4mg/kg. Paralysis occurs at 4 minutes. Use of succinylcholine infusion or repeated bolus administration increase the risk of Phase II block and prolonged ...
Bupivacaine is indicated for local infiltration, peripheral nerve block, sympathetic nerve block, and epidural and caudal blocks. It is sometimes used in combination with epinephrine to prevent systemic absorption and extend the duration of action. The 0.75% (most concentrated) formulation is used in retrobulbar block. [13]
[1] [2] Compared to bupivacaine, levobupivacaine is associated with less vasodilation and has a longer duration of action. It is approximately 13 per cent less potent (by molarity) than racemic bupivacaine and has a longer motor block onset time. [3] Ropivacaine is, next to levobupivacaine, another less cardiotoxic alternative to bupivacaine. [4]
The drug has a relatively intermediate duration of action when compared to other non-depolarizing agents. [2] The drug has an onset of 2 to 3 minutes in adults and an expected peak effect at 3 to 5 minutes. [2] Recovery is expected to begin within 20 to 35 minutes of the initial dose, but it may take up to 70 minutes to achieve 95% recovery. [2]
These are commonly applied to nerves of the head, limbs, thorax, and spine. It can also be used to treat ventricular arrhythmias when given intravenously. In most veterinary species, when given via injection, it has a rapid onset of action (2-10 minutes) with a duration of action of 30-60 minutes. [56]
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Duration of action: 30 to 60 min [5] Excretion: ... (AV) of the heart, opposes the actions of the vagus nerve, blocks acetylcholine receptor sites, ...