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Astatine is the rarest naturally occurring element. [j] The total amount of astatine in the Earth's crust (quoted mass 2.36 × 10 25 grams) [108] is estimated by some to be less than one gram at any given time. [8] Other sources estimate the amount of ephemeral astatine, present on earth at any given moment, to be up to one ounce [109] (about ...
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
Ruthenium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is unreactive to most chemicals.
The most stable isotope of the element is promethium-145, which has a specific activity of 139 Ci/g (5.1 TBq/g) and a half-life of 17.7 years via electron capture. [ 4 ] [ 21 ] Because it has 84 neutrons (two more than 82, which is a magic number which corresponds to a stable neutron configuration), it may emit an alpha particle (which has 2 ...
The principal sources of rare-earth elements are the minerals bastnäsite (RCO 3 F, where R is a mixture of rare-earth elements), monazite (XPO 4, where X is a mixture of rare-earth elements and sometimes thorium), and loparite ((Ce,Na,Ca)(Ti,Nb)O 3), and the lateritic ion-adsorption clays.
Tellurium is a chemical element; it has symbol Te and atomic number 52. It is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur, all three of which are chalcogens. It is occasionally found in its native form as elemental crystals.
Rhodium has numerous meta states, the most stable being 102m Rh (0.141 MeV) with a half-life of about 2.9 years and 101m Rh (0.157 MeV) with a half-life of 4.34 days (see isotopes of rhodium). [ 31 ] In isotopes weighing less than 103 (the stable isotope), the primary decay mode is electron capture and the primary decay product is ruthenium .
It is the sixth-most abundant rare-earth element and fourth-most abundant lanthanide, making up 9.1 parts per million of the Earth's crust, an abundance similar to that of boron. In 1841, Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander extracted a rare-earth oxide residue he called didymium from a residue he called "lanthana", in turn separated from ...