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The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (version 4 was released September 2019) is a standard series of measurements originally developed by psychologist Nancy Bayley used primarily to assess the development of infants and toddlers, ages 1–42 months. [1]
Developmental milestones [3] [4] Age Motor Speech Vision and hearing Social 1–1.5 months When held upright, holds head erect and steady. Cooes and babbles at parents and people they know Focuses on parents. Loves looking at new faces; Starts to smile at parents; Startled by sudden noises; Recognition of familiar individuals; 1.6–2 months
It was validated both at the hospital and the community level against the standard Denver Developmental Screening Test. [2]With a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 78.8%, it can be used even by community level health worker for mass screening and takes around 5 minutes to complete. [2]
The psychologist evaluated 104 children, of whom 18 were judged to be delayed [14]). The Denver II yielded a high sensitivity rate, correctly identifying 83% of the previously noted delayed children. However, the screening test also identified more than half of the developmentally normal children as delayed, so its specificity (46%) was low.
In children, a critical period for the development of motor skills is preschool years (ages 3–5), as fundamental neuroanatomic structure shows significant development, elaboration, and myelination over the course of this period. [7] Many factors contribute to the rate that children develop their motor skills.
The schedules for older children became the property of Gesell Institute of Child Development which was established in 1950. In 1964 Dr. Francis Ilg and Dr. Louise Bates Ames, the founders of the Gesell Institute, refined, revised, and collected data on children 5–10 years of age and subsequently in 1965, 1972, and 1979. The results were ...
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When the child is 3 years old, they begin to form face shapes and by age 4, humans. At 4 to 5 years old, the child draws a human form with arms and legs, and eventually the child adds a trunk and clothes. [5] Children then evolve to include other pictorials in their art, such as houses, animals and boats, by the age of 5.