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Expenditures on R&D (billions of US$) 1 Amazon United States: Software and Internet 42.74 2 Alphabet Inc. United States: Software and Internet 27.57 3 Huawei China: Computing and Electronics 22.04 4 Microsoft United States: Software and Internet 19.27 5 Apple United States: Computing and Electronics 18.75 5 Samsung Electronics South Korea
According to World Bank, ″Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D) include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.″ [3]
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikidata item; Appearance. move to sidebar hide. R&D employment and spending (2010) This is a list of U.S ...
This is a list of countries by business research and development intensity as a percentage of value added in the industry, published by the OECD in 2013. [ 1 ] 2013 OECD rankings
As the cost of computer power to the consumer falls, the cost for producers to fulfill Moore's law follows an opposite trend: R&D, manufacturing, and test costs have increased steadily with each new generation of chips. The cost of the tools, principally EUVL (Extreme ultraviolet lithography), used to manufacture chips doubles every 4 years. [44]
Generally speaking, R&D is seen as a main driver of societal and business innovation. [citation needed] The OECD's Frascati Manual describes R&D as "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications."
Research and development (R&D or R+D), [1] known in some countries as experiment and design, is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products. [2] [3] [4] R&D constitutes the first stage of development of a potential new service or the production process.
The magnitude of the R&D Tax Credit's economic effects are debated by many economists but a majority of them agree the credit does increase R&D spending in the United States. While measuring the actual effect of the credit is difficult, a 2005 study by Ernst & Young measured the amount of dollars returned to companies in the form of the R&D Tax ...