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ATP switchboard in a Taiwan Railways Administration DR2700 series carriage Automatic Train Protection notice on a First Great Western InterCity 125. Automatic train protection (ATP) is the generic term for train protection systems that continually check that the speed of a train is compatible with the permitted speed allowed by signalling, including automatic stop at certain signal aspects.
In 1906, the Great Western Railway in the UK developed a system known as "automatic train control". In modern terminology, GWR ATC is classified as an automatic warning system (AWS). This was an intermittent train protection system that relied on an electrically energised (or unenergised) rail between, and higher than, the running rails.
TPWS was developed by British Rail and its successor Railtrack, following a determination in 1994 that British Rail's Automatic Train Protection system was not economical, costing £600,000,000 equivalent to £979,431,929 in 2019 to implement, compared to value in lives saved: £3-£4 million (4,897,160 - 6,529,546 in 2019), per life saved, which was estimated to be 2.9 per year.
A signal with associated trip arm in the raised position (circled) Part of a railway signalling system, a train stop, trip stop or tripcock (sometimes called a tripper) is a train protection device that automatically stops a train if it attempts to pass a signal when the signal aspect and operating rules prohibit such movement, or (in some applications) if it attempts to pass at an excessive ...
Different rates of modulation can be detected by equipment on the trains and used for automatic train control, so long as the transmitter end (Tx) is at the front of the train. The EBItrack (formerly TI21 ) and Westinghouse FS2500 jointless track circuits are similar to the UM71.
A CBTC system is a "continuous, automatic train control system utilizing high-resolution train location determination, independent from track circuits; continuous, high-capacity, bidirectional train-to-wayside data communications; and trainborne and wayside processors capable of implementing automatic train protection (ATP) functions, as well ...
The intermittent inductive automatic train stop (also referred to as IIATS or just automatic train stop or ATS) is a train protection system used in North American mainline railroad and rapid transit systems. It makes use of magnetic reluctance to trigger a passing train to take some sort of action
The TBL system has been in use by local trains on Hong Kong's East Rail line, a trunk line of the MTR network, since the late 1990s. It was intended as a replacement for the line's original Automatic Warning System (AWS), a British train protection system, so as to allow for increased traffic and capacity on the East Rail line. [7]