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This is a list of icebreakers and other special icebreaking vessels (except cargo ships and tankers) capable of operating independently in ice-covered waters. Ships known to be in service are presented in bold .
USCGC Healy at right breaks ice around the Russian-flagged tanker Renda, 250 miles (400 km) south of Nome, Alaska.. An icebreaker is a special-purpose ship or boat designed to move and navigate through ice-covered waters, and provide safe waterways for other boats and ships.
Yermak assisting the stranded warship Apraxin, 1900 1976 Soviet postage stamp honoring the Yermak. An earlier vessel, the schooner Yermak, was commissioned for the 1862 attempt to find the Yenissei river delta by Paul Theodor von Krusenstern, by navigating from Murmansk through the Kara Sea to the destination, but unfortunately was shipwrecked before obtaining success.
Polar-class icebreakers USCGC Polar Star (WAGB-10), USCGC Polar Sea (WAGB-11) are heavy icebreakers operated by the United States Coast Guard (USCG). These cutters, specifically designed for icebreaking, have reinforced hulls, special icebreaking bows, and a system that allows rapid shifting of ballast to increase the effectiveness of their icebreaking.
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The double hull has water ballast between, with pumps that can move ballast water at up to 74 tonnes a minute to aid ice breaking. The hull thickness is 45 millimetres (1.8 in) at the ice skirt and 25–35 millimetres (0.98–1.38 in) elsewhere.
Using a hovercraft for destruction of ice is desirable because this type of vehicle makes possible a combination of transport and ice-breaking, and its all-terrain qualities facilitate year-round operation. The high speed of destruction of ice by hovercraft can effectively make an early opening of individual sections of rivers and reservoirs.
Yamal can break ice while making way either forwards or backwards. Yamal is one of the Russian Arktika family of icebreakers, the most powerful icebreakers in the world. These ships must cruise in cold water to cool their reactors [failed verification], so they cannot pass through the tropics to undertake voyages in the Southern hemisphere. [3]