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Cerebral infarction, also known as an ischemic stroke, is the pathologic process that results in an area of necrotic tissue in the brain (cerebral infarct). [1] In mid to high income countries, a stroke is the main reason for disability among people and the 2nd cause of death. [2]
The causes of brain ischemia vary from sickle cell anemia to congenital heart defects. Symptoms of brain ischemia can include unconsciousness, blindness, problems with coordination, and weakness in the body. Other effects that may result from brain ischemia are stroke, cardiorespiratory arrest, and irreversible brain damage.
Ischemic stroke is caused by interruption of the blood supply to the brain, while hemorrhagic stroke results from the rupture of a blood vessel or an abnormal vascular structure. About 87% of stroke is ischemic, with the rest being hemorrhagic. Bleeding can develop inside areas of ischemia, a condition known as "hemorrhagic transformation." It ...
More than 795,000 people in the U.S. have a stroke each year, which is a leading cause of serious long-term disability. Many of the leading risk factors for stroke are modifiable, making ...
A chokehold, choke, stranglehold or, in Judo, shime-waza (Japanese: 絞技, lit. 'constriction technique') [1] is a general term for a grappling hold that critically reduces or prevents either air [2] or blood from passing through the neck of an opponent. The restriction may be of one or both and depends on the hold used and the reaction of the ...
The most common presentation of cerebrovascular disease is an ischemic stroke or mini-stroke and sometimes a hemorrhagic stroke. [2] Hypertension (high blood pressure) is the most important contributing risk factor for stroke and cerebrovascular diseases as it can change the structure of blood vessels and result in atherosclerosis . [ 5 ]
Ischemia is one of the leading causes of secondary brain damage after head trauma. [9] Similar mechanisms are involved in secondary injury after ischemia, trauma, and injuries resulting when a person does not get enough oxygen. [5] After stroke, an ischemic cascade, a set of biochemical cascades takes place.
Ischemic stroke is a thrombotic, or rarely, thromboembolic or atherosclerotic complication of arteries supplying the brain. [9] Occlusion of brain arteries leads to rapid ischemic death of neurons, both at the infarct core and ischemic penumbra. [10] [37] Similar to cardiomyocytes, neurons require constant perfusion for proper function.