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The expedition of Leszek the White to Halych (1213–1214) or Galician campaign (1213–1214) was an expedition by the Duke of Kraków that ended in victory over the Ruthenian forces, although it did not lead to the capture of the city but only to the ransacking of the Duchy of Galicia-Volhynia.
In his 2006 general history of WWII, Niall Ferguson gives the total number of Polish victims in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia as between 60,000 and 80,000. [178] G. Rossolinski-Liebe estimated 70,000–100,000. [179] John P. Himka says that "perhaps a hundred thousand" Poles were killed in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia. [8]
Galicia–Volhynia competed with other successor states of Kievan Rus' (notably Vladimir-Suzdal) to claim the Kievan inheritance. According to the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle, King Daniel was the last ruler of Kiev preceding the Mongolian invasion and thus Galicia–Volhynia's rulers were the only legitimate successors to the Kievan throne. [32]
Stater coin, of Alexander the Great (336-323 BC) from Trepcza/ n. Sanok. The region has a turbulent history. In Roman times the region was populated by various tribes of Celto-Germanic admixture, including Celtic-based tribes – like the Galice or "Gaulics" and Bolihinii or "Volhynians" – the Lugians and Cotini of Celtic, Vandals and Goths of Germanic origins (the Przeworsk and Púchov ...
That same year, the latter united the principalities of Galicia and Volhynia to form a new state. Roman quickly consolidated his principality, making it one of the most powerful in Rus', in time even conquering Kyiv. [7] However, in 1205, Roman unexpectedly broke the alliance and invaded Leszek's lands. [8]
Galicia–Volhynia was created following the death in 1198 [20] or 1199 (and without a recognised heir in the paternal line) of the last Prince of Galicia, Vladimir II Yaroslavich; Roman acquired the Principality of Galicia and united his lands into one state. Roman's successors would mostly use Halych (Galicia) as the designation of their ...
At the same time, the influx of refugees from Volhynia and the news they brought of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army's crimes prompted the Home Army to organise an anti-Ukrainian campaign to prevent a repetition of these events in the Chełm and Lublin regions. [43] On several occasions, Ukrainian units committed mass atrocities against Poles.
Volhynia has changed hands numerous times throughout history and been divided among competing powers. For centuries it was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the Russian annexation during the Partitions of Poland, all of Volhynia was made part of the Pale of Settlement on the southwestern border of the Russian Empire.