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Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) is an organic substance that is involved in photosynthesis, notably as the principal CO 2 acceptor in plants. [ 1 ] : 2 It is a colourless anion, a double phosphate ester of the ketopentose ( ketone -containing sugar with five carbon atoms) called ribulose .
While HIV-1 PR shares many of the same characteristics as a non-viral aspartic protease, some evidence has shown that HIV-1 PR catalyzes hydrolysis in a concerted manner; in other words, the nucleophilic water molecule and the protonated Asp25 simultaneously attack the scissile peptide bond during catalysis. [17] [18]
[1]: 221 Asters do not form during mitosis in plants. Astral rays, composed of microtubules , radiate from the centrosphere and look like a cloud. Astral rays are one variant of microtubule which comes out of the centrosome; others include kinetochore microtubules and polar microtubules.
Light micrograph of a moss's leaf cells at 400X magnification. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: . Cell biology – A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death.
Several signals can lead to overexpression of cyclin D and enhance CDK4/6 activity, contributing toward tumorigenesis. [1] [2] Additionally, the CDK4/6-RB pathway interacts with the p53 signaling pathway via p21CIP1 transcription, which can inhibit both cyclin D-CDK4/6 and cyclin E-CDK2 complexes. Mutations in p53 can deactivate the G1 ...
The cloverleaf structure of Yeast tRNA Phe (inset) and the 3D structure determined by X-ray analysis. The first non-coding RNA to be characterised was an alanine tRNA found in baker's yeast , its structure was published in 1965. [ 16 ]
For example, the effective dosage of a chest x-ray is 0.1 mSv, while an abdominal CT is 10 mSv. [15] The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) have stated that the "risks of medical imaging at patient doses below 50 mSv for single procedures or 100 mSv for multiple procedures over short time periods are too low to be detectable ...
A ray appears diagonally, from top left to bottom middle. Medullary rays, also known as vascular rays or pith rays, are cellular structures found in some species of wood. They appear as radial planar structures, perpendicular to the growth rings, which are visible to the naked eye.