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Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a novel antiepileptic drug [7] used to treat epilepsy. [8] It is used for partial-onset , myoclonic , or tonic–clonic seizures, [ 7 ] and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein .
Severe symptoms are usually due to acute elevation of the plasma sodium concentration to above 157 mmol/L [10] (normal blood levels are generally about 135–145 mmol/L for adults and elderly). [10] Values above 180 mmol/L are associated with a high mortality rate, particularly in adults. [11]
Hypertensive encephalopathy (HE) is general brain dysfunction due to significantly high blood pressure. [3] Symptoms may include headache, vomiting, trouble with balance, and confusion. [1] Onset is generally sudden. [1] Complications can include seizures, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and bleeding in the back of the eye. [1] [3]
Phenylketonuria (PKU)-like symptoms, including more pronounced developmental defects, skin irritation, and vomiting, may appear when phenylalanine levels are near 20 mg/dL (1200 mol/L). [1] Hyperphenylalaninemia is a recessive hereditary metabolic disorder that is caused by the body's failure to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine as a result of ...
Salivary levels of valproic acid correlate poorly with serum levels, partly due to valproate's weak acid property (pKa of 4.9). [ 52 ] In severe intoxication, hemoperfusion or hemofiltration can be an effective means of hastening elimination of the drug from the body.
One of its main functions is to maintain normal glycine levels in the brain. Defects in GCS cause an increase of glycine concentration in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. [1] The exact pathophysiology of the disorder is not known, but it is considered likely that buildup of glycine in the brain is responsible for the symptoms. [3]
"Hearst Magazines and Yahoo may earn commission or revenue on some items through these links." Most people know that GLP-1 receptor agonist medications like Ozempic and Wegovy can cause relatively ...
Hyperproteinemia is the state of having overly high levels of protein in the blood. This can occur due to monoclonal gammopathies such as multiple myeloma and after intravenous immunoglobulin has been given. [1] It can result in a falsely low appearing sodium level (hyponatremia). [1]