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  2. Fold (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(higher-order_function)

    ANSI Smalltalk doesn't define #reduce: but many implementations do. Standard ML: foldl func initval list Array.foldl func initval array: foldr func initval list Array.foldr func initval array: The supplied function takes its arguments in a tuple. For foldl, the folding function takes arguments in the same order as for foldr. Swift: array.reduce ...

  3. Monad (functional programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monad_(functional_programming)

    // As with normal function composition the inputs and outputs of functions feeding into each other should match wrapped types. (i.e. the add_one function should return a Maybe<Decimal> which then can be unwrapped to a Decimal for the decimal_to_string function) let maybe_x: Maybe < Decimal > = Just (1.0) let maybe_result = maybe_x. map (add_one ...

  4. Higher-order function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher-order_function

    map function, found in many functional programming languages, is one example of a higher-order function. It takes as arguments a function f and a collection of elements, and as the result, returns a new collection with f applied to each element from the collection.

  5. MongoDB - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MongoDB

    MongoDB provides three ways to perform aggregation: the aggregation pipeline, the map-reduce function and single-purpose aggregation methods. [40] Map-reduce can be used for batch processing of data and aggregation operations. However, according to MongoDB's documentation, the aggregation pipeline provides better performance for most ...

  6. Functional programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming

    Higher-order functions are functions that can either take other functions as arguments or return them as results. In calculus, an example of a higher-order function is the differential operator d / d x {\displaystyle d/dx} , which returns the derivative of a function f {\displaystyle f} .

  7. Log-normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log-normal_distribution

    In probability theory, a log-normal (or lognormal) distribution is a continuous probability distribution of a random variable whose logarithm is normally distributed.Thus, if the random variable X is log-normally distributed, then Y = ln(X) has a normal distribution.

  8. Antithetic variates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithetic_variates

    The antithetic variates technique consists, for every sample path obtained, in taking its antithetic path — that is given a path {, …,} to also take {, …,}.The advantage of this technique is twofold: it reduces the number of normal samples to be taken to generate N paths, and it reduces the variance of the sample paths, improving the precision.

  9. Operator-precedence parser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator-precedence_parser

    In computer science, an operator-precedence parser is a bottom-up parser that interprets an operator-precedence grammar.For example, most calculators use operator-precedence parsers to convert from the human-readable infix notation relying on order of operations to a format that is optimized for evaluation such as Reverse Polish notation (RPN).