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Many transmissions – especially for transportation applications – have multiple gears that are used to change the ratio of input speed (e.g. engine rpm) to the output speed (e.g. the speed of a car) as required for a given situation. Gear (ratio) selection can be manual, semi-automatic, or automatic.
Cutaway view of a 2007 Toyota AA80E hydraulic automatic Typical gear selector for an automatic transmission. An automatic transmission (sometimes abbreviated AT) is a multi-speed transmission used in motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving conditions.
Automatic – once placed in drive (or any other 'automatic' selector position), it automatically selects the gear ratio dependent on engine speed and load; Basically there are two types of engine installation: In the longitudinal direction, the gearbox is usually designed separately from the final drive (including the differential). The ...
The 1941 Chrysler M4 Vacamatic transmission was a two-speed manual transmission with an integral underdrive unit, a traditional manual clutch, and a fluid coupling between the engine and the clutch. [ 51 ] [ 52 ] [ 53 ] The two-speed transmission had "high" and "low" ranges, and the clutch was used when the driver wanted to switch between ranges.
The General Motors Automatic Safety Transmission (AST) was a semi-automatic transmission released in 1937. The first mass-produced fully-automatic transmission developed for passenger automobile use was the GM Hydra-Matic introduced in the autumn of 1939 as a (very likely subsidized) $57 option for the 1940 Oldsmobile. [1]
Automated manual transmissions can be semi-automatic or fully-automatic in operation. Several different systems to automate the clutch and/or shifting have been used over the years, but they will generally use one of the following methods of actuation for the clutch and/or shifting: hydraulic or electro-hydraulic actuation, [12] electro-mechanical, [13] pneumatic, [6] [14] [15] electromagnetic ...
A drivetrain (also frequently spelled as drive train or sometimes drive-train) or transmission system, is the group of components that deliver mechanical power from the prime mover to the driven components. In automotive engineering, the drivetrain is the components of a motor vehicle that deliver power to the drive wheels. [1]
A manual transmission (MT), also known as manual gearbox, standard transmission (in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States), or stick shift (in the United States), is a multi-speed motor vehicle transmission system where gear changes require the driver to manually select the gears by operating a gear stick and clutch (which is usually ...