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The magnitude of the R&D Tax Credit's economic effects are debated by many economists but a majority of them agree the credit does increase R&D spending in the United States. While measuring the actual effect of the credit is difficult, a 2005 study by Ernst & Young measured the amount of dollars returned to companies in the form of the R&D Tax ...
U.S. states by R&D spending 2020 (in adjusted 2020 dollars) National rank State Expenditures on R&D (millions of US$) [1] Expenditures on R&D per capita in US$ [2] Federal government share in % [3] Expenditures on R&D in % of GDP [1] 1 California: 217,976 4,220 1.6 7.05% 2 Washington: 46,392 4,496 0.6 7.50% 3 Massachusetts: 44,907 5,188 1.3 7.69% 4
This is a list of U.S. state government budgets as enacted by each state's legislature.. A number of states have a two-year or three year budget (e.g.: Kentucky) while others have a one-year budget (e.g.: Massachusetts).
According to World Bank, ″Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D) include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.″ [3]
The definitions of eligible R&D and eligible costs are reasonably broad, and eligible R&D activities often take place across the whole range of company operations. Many other countries worldwide (e.g. Canada, [1] France, the USA [2]) already operated schemes to promote corporate R&D investment by the time the UK scheme commenced.
Generally speaking, R&D is seen as a main driver of societal and business innovation. [citation needed] The OECD's Frascati Manual describes R&D as "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications."
Federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) are public-private partnerships that conduct research and development for the United States Government.Under Federal Acquisition Regulation § 35.017, FFRDCs are operated by universities and corporations to fulfill certain long-term needs of the government that "...cannot be met as effectively by existing in-house or contractor resources."
Moreover, R&D expenditures funded by federal governments, local governments, colleges and non-profit organizations are 121, 4.3, 17, and 19 billions of dollars, respectively. R&D expenditures funded by industries are 333 billion dollars. [3] In terms of R&D funders, public R&D to private R&D ratio is about 0.5.