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In population genetics and population ecology, population size (usually denoted N) is a countable quantity representing the number of individual organisms in a population. Population size is directly associated with amount of genetic drift , and is the underlying cause of effects like population bottlenecks and the founder effect . [ 1 ]
The environment can directly affect the survival of a small population. Some detrimental effects include stochastic variation in the environment (year to year variation in rainfall, temperature), which can produce temporally correlated birth and death rates (i.e. 'good' years when birth rates are high and death rates are low and 'bad' years when birth rates are low and death rates are high ...
Estimates of population evolution in different continents between 1950 and 2050 according to the United Nations. The vertical axis is logarithmic and is in millions of people. (2011) World population growth rates between 1950 and 2050. The world population growth rate peaked in 1963 at 2.2% per year and subsequently declined. [9]
Meckel, Richard A. Save the Babies: American Public Health Reform and the Prevention of Infant Mortality, 1850-1929 (Johns Hopkins UP, 1990). Mohr, James C. Doctors and the law : medical jurisprudence in nineteenth-century America (1993) online; Mohr, James C. Abortion in America : the origins and evolution of national policy, 1800-1900 (1978 ...
Hospitals are finding it financially advantageous to focus on population health management and keeping people in the community well. [28] The goal of population health management is to improve patient outcomes and increase health capital. Other goals include preventing disease, closing care gaps, and cost savings for providers. [29]
The practice, traditionally referred to as population control, had historically been implemented mainly with the goal of increasing population growth, though from the 1950s to the 1980s, concerns about overpopulation and its effects on poverty, the environment and political stability led to efforts to reduce population growth rates in many ...
Other factors included rising incomes and better living conditions, improved better nutrition, a safer and cleaner environmental, and better official health policies and medical care. [15] Severe overcrowding in the cities caused major public health problems, as noted in an official report from 1938: [16]
A falling population also lowers the rate of innovation, since change tends to come from younger workers and entrepreneurs. [10] Strain on mental health. Population decline may harm a population's mental health (or morale) if it causes permanent recession and a concomitant decline in basic services and infrastructure. [12] Deflation.