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Permethrin is a medication and an insecticide. [6] [7] As a medication, it is used to treat scabies and lice. [8] It is applied to the skin as a cream or lotion. [6] As an insecticide, it can be sprayed onto outer clothing or mosquito nets to kill the insects that touch them. [7] [9] Side effects include rash and irritation where it is applied. [8]
Permethrin exerts its therapeutic effect by disrupting sodium transport across neuronal membranes in arthropods, inducing depolarization. This mechanism ultimately leads to respiratory paralysis in the affected arthropod, establishing permethrin as a potent agent in managing scabies and pediculosis.
Permethrin can be applied as a spray. The effects are not limited to mites: lice, cockroaches, fleas, mosquitos, and other insects will be affected. Ivermectin can be prescribed by a medical doctor to rid humans of mite and lice infestations, and agricultural formulations are available for infested birds and rodents. Antibiotic miticides
Treatment: Permethrin is the drug of choice for the treatment of scabies, per the CDC. Topical permethrin should be applied every two to three days for up to two weeks.
In household concentrations pyrethroids are generally harmless to humans. [1] However, pyrethroids are toxic to insects such as bees, dragonflies, mayflies, gadflies, and some other invertebrates, including those that constitute the base of aquatic and terrestrial food webs. [2] Pyrethroids are toxic to aquatic organisms, especially fish. [3]
In humans, cypermethrin is deactivated by enzymatic hydrolysis to several carboxylic acid metabolites, which are eliminated in the urine. Worker exposure to the chemical can be monitored by measurement of the urinary metabolites, while severe overdosage may be confirmed by quantitation of cypermethrin in blood or plasma.