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Major Eli Janney, a Confederate veteran of the American Civil War, invented the semi-automatic knuckle coupler in 1868. It automatically locks the couplers on cars or locomotives together without a rail worker having to get between the cars, and replaced the link and pin coupler, which was a major cause of railroad worker injuries and deaths ...
Like all Janney couplers, the Tightlock is "semi-automatic". The couplers automatically lock when cars are pushed together, but workers must go between cars to hook up the air lines for the pneumatic brakes and connect cables for head-end power and other communications. To separate cars, a worker must use a lever to move the locking pin that ...
The Schwab coupler is an automatic coupler manufactured by Schwab Verkehrstechnik AG, Schaffhausen, the legal successor to the Railway Coupler Division of Georg Fischer. The coupler automatically makes the mechanical, pneumatic and electrical connections. The mechanical locks are located on either side of the pneumatic ports.
There are many variations in the design of quick couplers. The initial divergence is between those that can pick up any of a range of buckets and attachments by clamping onto the mounting pins for the attachment (known as "pin grabbers" or "pin couplers") and those that work only with buckets and attachments designed to suit that quick coupler (known as "dedicated").
The bent rod at far left allows the coupler to be disengaged by a worker standing safely at the side of the car, per Section 2 of the Act. The Safety Appliance Act is a United States federal law that made air brakes and automatic couplers mandatory on all trains in the United States. It was enacted on March 2, 1893, and took effect in 1900 ...
Two or more passenger or freight cars may be attached by means of a drawbar rather than a coupler. At each end of the permanently coupled vehicles there is a regular coupler, such as the North American Janney coupler or the Russian SA3 coupler. The use of a drawbar eliminates slack action.