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  2. Minimum deviation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_deviation

    In a prism, the angle of deviation (δ) decreases with increase in the angle of incidence (i) up to a particular angle.This angle of incidence where the angle of deviation in a prism is minimum is called the minimum deviation position of the prism and that very deviation angle is known as the minimum angle of deviation (denoted by δ min, D λ, or D m).

  3. Yamartino method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamartino_method

    Thus, we define circular moments by placing all measured angles on a unit circle, then calculating the moments of these points. The Yamartino method, introduced by Robert J. Yamartino in 1984, solves both problems [ 2 ] A further discussion of the Yamartino method, along with other methods of estimating the standard deviation of wind direction ...

  4. Magnetic declination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_declination

    Magnetic deviation is the angle from a given magnetic bearing to the related bearing mark of the compass. Deviation is positive if a compass bearing mark (e.g., compass north) is right of the related magnetic bearing (e.g., magnetic north) and vice versa.

  5. Compound prism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_prism

    The deviation angle of the ray transmitted by the prism is shown as . The simplest compound prism is a doublet, consisting of two elements in contact, as shown in the figure at right. A ray of light passing through the prism is refracted at the first air-glass interface, again at the interface between the two glasses, and a final time at the ...

  6. Full width at half maximum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_width_at_half_maximum

    If the considered function is the density of a normal distribution of the form = ⁡ [()] where σ is the standard deviation and x 0 is the expected value, then the relationship between FWHM and the standard deviation is [1] = ⁡.

  7. Atmospheric refraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_refraction

    Diagram showing displacement of the Sun's image at sunrise and sunset Comparison of inferior and superior mirages due to differing air refractive indices, n. Atmospheric refraction is the deviation of light or other electromagnetic wave from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere due to the variation in air density as a function of height. [1]

  8. FDNY unions say congestion toll will hurt response times ...

    www.aol.com/news/fdny-unions-congestion-toll...

    The city’s hated new congestion toll could dangerously delay FDNY response times — meaning the “difference between life and death,” unions repping thousands of Bravest warned Sunday.. The ...

  9. Orbital eccentricity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity

    For elliptical orbits, a simple proof shows that ⁡ gives the projection angle of a perfect circle to an ellipse of eccentricity e. For example, to view the eccentricity of the planet Mercury (e = 0.2056), one must simply calculate the inverse sine to find the projection angle of 11.86 degrees. Then, tilting any circular object by that angle ...