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A multi-family residential building under construction with rigid panel exterior insulating sheathing. Rigid panel insulation, also referred to as continuous insulation, [1] can be made from foam plastics such as polyurethane (PUR), polyisocyanurate (PIR), and polystyrene, or from fibrous materials such as fiberglass, rock and slag wool.
The generalised chemical structure of polyisocyanurate showing the isocyanurate group. The polyols are abbreviated as R-groups.. Polyisocyanurate (/ ˌ p ɒ l ɪ ˌ aɪ s oʊ s aɪ ˈ æ nj ʊər eɪ t /), also referred to as PIR, polyol, or ISO, is a thermoset plastic [1] typically produced as a foam and used as rigid thermal insulation.
Cementitious foam insulation is a cement-based thermal and acoustic insulation, [1] with an R-value similar to that of fiberglass. [2] It is installed as a foam with a consistency like shaving cream, [2] or as pre-cast slabs. [3] The current cost is similar to that of polyurethane foams. [2]
Melamine foam’s fire rating is Class A/Class 1 in the United States and ULCS-102 for Canada. If heated to 465 °F (241 °C), the foam shrinks, and collapses. [ 4 ] These properties suit it as the main sound and thermal insulation material for Shinkansen bullet trains.
Insulation may be categorized by its composition (natural or synthetic materials), form (batts, blankets, loose-fill, spray foam, and panels), structural contribution (insulating concrete forms, structured panels, and straw bales), functional mode (conductive, radiative, convective), resistance to heat transfer, environmental impacts, and more.
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