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Alternators made in 1909 by Ganz Works in the power generating hall of a Russian hydroelectric station (photograph by Prokudin-Gorsky, 1911). [1]An alternator (or synchronous generator) is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current. [2]
Can provide useful charge at idle speed; Use slip rings, having greatly extended brush life over a commutator (Or completely brushless designs) The brushes in an alternator carry only DC excitation current, which is a small fraction of the current carried by the brushes of a DC generator, which carry the generator's entire output
The sequence of events is similar for manual or automatic synchronization. The generator is brought up to approximate synchronous speed by supplying more energy to its shaft - for example, opening the valves on a steam turbine, opening the gates on a hydraulic turbine, or increasing the fuel rack setting on a diesel engine.
The Seaslug missile alternator used a speed of 24,000 rpm to produce 1.5 kVA of electricity at 2,400 Hz. [6] The field may be supplied by either permanent magnets or by field coils. Regulation of the output voltage is achieved by controlling the current through a winding, either the field coil, or a control winding around a permanent magnet. [6]
Single-phase generator (also known as single-phase alternator) is an alternating current electrical generator that produces a single, continuously alternating voltage. Single-phase generators can be used to generate power in single-phase electric power systems.
A large Alexanderson alternator might produce 500 kW of output radio-frequency energy and would be water- or oil-cooled. One such machine had 600 pole pairs in the stator winding, and the rotor was driven at 2170 RPM, for an output frequency near 21.7 kHz. To obtain higher frequencies, higher rotor speeds were required, up to 20,000 RPM.
The fixed speed wind turbines without a power converter (also known as "Type 1" and "Type 2" [5]) cannot be used for voltage control. They simply absorb the reactive power (like any typical induction machine), so a switched capacitor bank is usually used to correct the power factor to unity. [7] Capability curve of a photovoltaic generator
While engines and motors have a large range of operating speeds, the power band is usually a much smaller range of engine speed, only half or less of the total engine speed range [1] (electric motors are an exception—see the section on electric motors below). Specifically, power band is the range of RPM around peak power output.