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The Neolithic Revolution, also known as the First Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period in Afro-Eurasia from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making an increasingly large population possible. [1]
Reconstruction of a Neolithic farmstead, Irish National Heritage Park.The Neolithic saw the invention of agriculture.. The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος néos 'new' and λίθος líthos 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia, Mesopotamia and Africa (c. 10,000 BC to c. 2,000 BC).
Trevor Watkins is a British archaeologist and emeritus professor of Near Eastern prehistory at the University of Edinburgh. [1] He has worked extensively on the Neolithic Revolution in Southwest Asia, [2] including translating Jacques Cauvin's seminal work The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture into English.
Ruins of the Tell es-Sultan site, Jericho. Little is known about the beginnings of agriculture in the Near Eastern Neolithic before the 1950s, when three major excavations identified and dated sites such as Jericho (Tell es-Sultan in the West Bank), excavated by Kathleen Kenyon, Beidha (), excavated by Diana Kirkbride, and Jarmo (northern Iraq), excavated by Robert John Braidwood.
Map of the spread of farming into Europe up to about 3800 BC Female figure from Tumba Madžari, North Macedonia. The European Neolithic is the period from the arrival of Neolithic (New Stone Age) technology and the associated population of Early European Farmers in Europe, c. 7000 BC (the approximate time of the first farming societies in Greece) until c. 2000 –1700 BC (the beginning of ...
All of these human achievements of the Neolithic were in place well before we encounter anything like a state in Mesopotamia." [6] Scott then gives his definition of a state, emphasizing the indicators "that point to territoriality and a specialized state apparatus: walls, tax collection, and officials." [7] The Sumerian city of Uruk offers an ...
Ethiopia is considered the area from which anatomically modern humans emerged. [1] Archeological discoveries in the country's sites have garnered specific fossil evidence of early human succession, including the hominins Australopithecus afarensis (3.2 million years ago) and Ardipithecus ramidus (4.4 million years ago).
Australian archaeologist V. Gordon Childe introduced the term "urban revolution" in the 1930s. Childe also coined the term "Neolithic Revolution" to describe the earlier process by which hunter-gatherer societies domesticated crops and animals and began a farming lifestyle. Childe was the first to synthesize and organize the large volume of new ...