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The 'true vocal cords' are distinguished from the 'false vocal folds', known as vestibular folds or ventricular folds, which are located slightly superior to the more delicate true folds. While the false vocal folds play a minimal role in normal phonation , they can produce deep sonorous tones, screams and growls.
In normal vocal folds, the jelly-like "Reinke's space" is very loose and abundant with interstitial proteins such as hyaluronic acid, fibronectin, proteoglycan like fibromodulin, decorin and versican. All these extracellular matrix components together regulate the water content of vocal fold and render the viscous shear property for it.
The vestibular fold (ventricular fold, superior or false vocal cord) is one of two thick folds of mucous membrane, each enclosing a narrow band of fibrous tissue, the vestibular ligament, which is attached in front to the angle of the thyroid cartilage immediately below the attachment of the epiglottis, and behind to the antero-lateral surface of the arytenoid cartilage, a short distance above ...
It contains the vestibular folds, and between these and the vocal folds are the laryngeal ventricles. [1] The vestibule is an opening in the lateral wall of the larynx, between the vestibular fold above and the vocal folds below. It is the inlet to another cavity in the lateral wall of larynx, the laryngeal ventricle.
The lower pair of folds are known as the vocal cords, which produce sounds needed for speech and other vocalizations. The slit-like space between the left and right vocal cords, called the rima glottidis, is the narrowest part of the larynx. The vocal cords and the rima glottidis are together designated as the glottis.
Covered by the aryepiglottic folds, the cuneiforms form the lateral aspect of the laryngeal inlet, while the corniculates form the posterior aspect, and the epiglottis the anterior. [ 4 ] Function of the cuneiform cartilages is to support the vocal folds and lateral aspects of the epiglottis.
Each vallecula is bordered medially by the median glossoepiglottic fold and laterally by the lateral glossoepiglottic fold. The valleculae can collect saliva to prevent initiation of the swallowing reflex. The vallecula is an important reference landmark used during intubation of the trachea.
Reinke's edema is characterized by a "sac-like" appearance of the vocal folds. [6] The edema is a white translucent fluid that causes a bulging ( distension ) of the vocal cord. [ 2 ] [ 14 ] The most common clinical symptom associated with Reinke's edema is an abnormally low pitched voice with hoarseness.