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There is confusion about the meaning of the word Kalunga or Calunga, which, despite the same sound, have totally different meanings: Kalunga – connected to religious beliefs, world of the ancestors, cult of the forefathers, from them came the force; Calunga – small or insignificant thing; a way to call Negros, a famous or important person.
The Kongo cosmogram (also called yowa or dikenga cross, Kikongo: dikenga dia Kongo or tendwa kia nza-n' Kongo) is a core symbol in Bakongo religion that depicts the physical world (Ku Nseke), the spiritual world (Ku Mpémba), the Kalûnga line that runs between the two worlds, the sacred river that forms a circle through the two worlds, the four moments of the sun, and the four elements.
The word Kalûnga is a Kikongo word that means "threshold between worlds." [2] It is derived from the proto-Bantu term *-lung-, meaning "to put in order, to put straight."[3] In the Congo region, Kalûnga is considered to be the nzadi o nzere, or Congo River. [4]
This depiction of the Kongo Cosmogram is based on a description by Dr. Fu-Kiau. It depicts the physical world known as Nseke, the spiritual (ancestral) world known as Mpémba, the Kalûnga river that runs between the two worlds, the four moments of the sun, and the mfinda (forest) that spiritually connects both worlds.
Madura English–Sinhala Dictionary (Sinhala: මධුර ඉංග්රීසි–සිංහල ...
Sinhala dialects are the various minor variations of Sinhalese language which are based on the locale (within Island of Sri Lanka) and the social classes and social groups (e.g. university students). Most of the slang are common across all dialects.
Exception from the standard are the romanization of Sinhala long "ä" ([æː]) as "ää", and the non-marking of prenasalized stops. Sinhala words of English origin mainly came about during the period of British colonial rule in Sri Lanka. This period saw absorption of several English words into the local language brought about by the ...
Sinhala letters are ordered into two sets. The core set of letters forms the pure Sinhala (Sinhala: ශුද්ධ සිංහල, romanized: śuddha siṃhala alphabet, which is a subset of the mixed Sinhala Sinhala: මිශ්ර සිංහල, romanized: miśra siṃhala alphabet . The definition of the two sets is thus a historic one.