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The term individualistic culture was first used in the 1980s by Dutch social psychologist Geert Hofstede to describe countries and cultures that are not collectivist; Hofstede created the term individualistic culture when he created a measurement for the five dimensions of cultural values. [2] People in individualistic cultures see each other ...
Analysis of the World Values Survey data by Inglehart and Welzel asserts that there are two major dimensions of cross-cultural variation in the world: x-axis: Survival values versus self-expression values; y-axis: Traditional values versus secular–rational values. [2] The map is a chart in which countries are positioned based on their scores ...
Survival values are characteristic for eastern-world countries and self-expression values for western-world countries. In a liberal post-industrial economy, an increasing share of the population has grown up taking survival and freedom of thought for granted, resulting in that self-expression is highly valued.
In 2010, the scores for this dimension were extended to 93 countries thanks to the research of Michael Minkov, who used data from the recent World Values Survey. [7] Further research has refined some of the original dimensions, and introduced the difference between country-level and individual-level data in analysis.
Cultural globalization refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations. [1] This process is marked by the common consumption of cultures that have been diffused by the Internet , popular culture media, and international travel .
The term emotive, coined by anthropologist William Reddy, attempts to distinguish societal emotional values and expressions from individual's emotional experience. In The Making of Romantic Love , Reddy argues that romantic love is a 12th-century European construct, built in response to the parochial view that sexual desire was immoral, and was ...
The idea that the world is moving towards self-expression values was discussed at length in an article in the Economist. [3] Expressing one's personality, emotions, or ideas through art, music, or drama, [ 4 ] is a way to reveal oneself to others in a way that is special to them.
A constant theme of debate around Western values has been around their universal applicability or lack thereof; in modern times, as various non-Western nations have risen, they have sought to oppose certain Western values, with even Western countries also backing down to some extent from championing its own values in what some see as a contested transition to a post-Western era of the world.