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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 7 February 2025. Bicameral legislature of the United States For the current Congress, see 119th United States Congress. For the building, see United States Capitol. This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being ...
The United States Congress first organized in 1789, is an elected bicameral democratic legislative body established by Article I of the United States Constitution, ratified in 1788. It consists of an upper chamber, the senate with 2 members per state, and a lower chamber, the House of Representatives, with a variable number of members per state ...
The First Congress: How James Madison, George Washington, and a Group of Extraordinary Men Invented the Government (2016) Bowling, Kenneth R. Politics in the first Congress, 1789–1791 (Taylor & Francis, 1990) Christman, Margaret C.S. The first federal congress, 1789–1791 (Smithsonian Inst Pr, 1989.) Currie, David P.
The Congress elected a presiding officer, often referred to as the president. However, this position was merely administrative and had no executive power. [16] In the 1770s, executive power under the Articles of Confederation was primarily delegated to boards created by Congress.
Under this original system, both senators representing each state in the U.S. Senate were chosen by a majority vote of the state legislature. Since the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, members of both houses of Congress have been directly elected.
The Confederation Congress operated as the first federal government until being replaced following ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Until 1785, the Congress met predominantly at what is today Independence Hall in Philadelphia, though it was relocated temporarily on several occasions during the Revolutionary War and the fall of Philadelphia.
The Congress of the Confederation, or the Confederation Congress, formally referred to as the United States in Congress Assembled, was the governing body of the United States from March 1, 1781, until March 3, 1789, during the Confederation period.
Edmund Randolph's Virginia Plan called for a bicameral Congress: the lower house would be "of the people", elected directly by the people of the United States and representing public opinion, and a more deliberative upper house, elected by the lower house, that would represent the individual states, and would be less susceptible to variations ...