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For functions in certain classes, the problem of determining: whether two functions are equal, known as the zero-equivalence problem (see Richardson's theorem); [5] the zeroes of a function; whether the indefinite integral of a function is also in the class. [6] Of course, some subclasses of these problems are decidable.
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
Supplementary exercises at the end of each chapter expand the other exercise sets and provide cumulative exercises that require skills from earlier chapters. This text includes "Functions and Graphs in Applications" (Ch 0.6) which is fourteen pages of preparation for word problems. Authors of a book on finite fields chose their exercises freely ...
An infinite series of any rational function of can be reduced to a finite series of polygamma functions, by use of partial fraction decomposition, [8] as explained here. This fact can also be applied to finite series of rational functions, allowing the result to be computed in constant time even when the series contains a large number of terms.
those of order p 7 for p = 3, 5, 7, 11 (907 489 groups); those of order pq n where q n divides 2 8, 3 6, 5 5 or 7 4 and p is an arbitrary prime which differs from q; those whose orders factorise into at most 3 primes (not necessarily distinct). It contains explicit descriptions of the available groups in computer readable format.
7th: Is a b transcendental, for algebraic a ≠ 0,1 and irrational algebraic b ? Resolved. Result: Yes, illustrated by the Gelfond–Schneider theorem. 1934 8th: The Riemann hypothesis ("the real part of any non-trivial zero of the Riemann zeta function is 1/2") and other prime-number problems, among them Goldbach's conjecture and the twin ...